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How does the Mishnah know?
When it comes to the four shomrim, there are cases mentioned in the Mishnah as having chiyuv (liability), yet they are not mentioned in the Torah.
Examples for such cases are:
1) re the paid guard, only theft is mentioned and not a loss.
2) re a borrower, the case of a “captured” (snatched) animal is not mentioned.
3) re a borrower, theft and loss are not mentioned.
4) re a paid guard, the exemption of “ba’alav imo” is not mentioned.
So how does the Mishnah know? In this video we learn just that.